Category: GIS

Emissions and the School Commute

This week I have been busy running around organising GISRUK 2013 – however, in between this, I talked about some research I have been completing to develop a national individual level model of CO2 emissions that are linked to the school commute. For anyone who missed the talk, this was recorded by Robin Lovelace from the University of Sheffield (thanks!) and put on YouTube.

Using R with Routino to provide road network paths between random Tweets and an iconic Smiths landmark

A couple of days ago I posted how you can go about installing Routino on OSX; and now I have just finished writing a quick post over on my Rpubs blog about how you go about using it from within R. I also wanted to know a bit more about how R and Twitter play together so this is woven in too. Oh, and I was also listening to the Smiths back catalogue today – thus; you end up with:

Using R with Routino to provide road network paths between random Tweets and an iconic Smiths landmark

For those who don’t know what the connection between the Salford Lads Club and the Smiths is; then have a look at this video:

A Survey of the use of Geographic Information Systems in English Local Authority Impact Assessments.

Across the public sector, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis are increasingly ubiquitous when making decisions involving people and places. However, historically GIS has not been prevalently applied to the various types of impact assessment. As such, this paper presents findings from a survey conducted in 2011 of 100 local authorities in England to examine how embedded GIS, spatial analysis and visualisation practices are to the process of conducting impact assessments. The results show that despite obvious advantages of applying GIS in these processes, applications employing basic techniques are at best sporadic, and where advanced methods are implemented, these in almost all instances are conducted by external contractors, thus illustrating a significant GIS under capacity within the sampled local authorities studied.

Riddlesden, D., A.D. Singleton, and T. B. Fischer. 2012. “A Survey of the Use of Geographic Information Systems in English Local Authority Impact Assessments.” Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 14 (01): 1250006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1464333212500068.

GISRUK 2013 at the University of Liverpool

Something else which has been keeping me busy of late is organising GISRUK 2013 which we are hosting next April at the Univerity of Liverpool.

The deadline is approaching – 15th November; so still time to submit a paper!

About
The 21st GIS Research UK (GISRUK) conference is being hosted by the Department of Geography and Planning in School of Environmental Sciences at the University of Liverpool from Wednesday 3rd through to Friday 5th April. As with previous years, there is a day of workshops on the 2nd April, including the Young Researcher’s Forum. The conference will follow the usual format of plenary sessions from invited keynote speakers, and oral presentation of papers in a series of parallel themed sessions. A full social programme will also feature during the conference.

Lots more information on the GISRUK 2013 website.

How Scenic is the HS2 Route?

It is fairly clear from the duration between this and my last post that various other things have been getting in the way of updates. Anyway, I shall try and post a few updates on news and things I have been working on recently in the coming weeks before getting back to regular posting!

Back in January I had a student working on a dissertation about the High Speed 2 railway. This got me thinking about what sort of data could be used to characterise the route. As it transpired there wasn’t a publicly available Shapefile of the route at the time, however, an ex-colleague (Daryl Lloyd) who by chance now works for the Department for Transport, had almost in unison realised the same thing; and indeed, on the day I had contacted him was negotiating with HS2 Ltd to release the file. This is now available to download from here.

One unusual dataset that I thought would provide interesting context is the My Society project ScenicOrNot. This application enables users to rate the level of “scenic”[ness] of a series of random georeferenced photographs taken from the Geograph project. The raw scores are available to download here. For each picture lat / lon, multiple votes were concatenated in single line. As such, the records were split up, so one each vote appeared as a single line in the exported CSV. This was done using the following R code.

#Read in Scenic Data from http://scenic.mysociety.org/
Scenic <- read.delim2("http://scenic.mysociety.org/votes.tsv", header = TRUE, sep = "\t", quote="\"")
AllVotes <- NULL
list <- for(x in 1:nrow(Scenic)) {
row <- Scenic[x,]
Lat <- row$Lat
Lon <- row$Lon
ID <- row$ID
Votes <- as.data.frame(strsplit(as.character(row$Votes),",")) # Gets the votes as a dataframe list
Votes$Lat <- Lat #Add Lat
Votes$Lon <- Lon #Add Lon
Votes$ID <- ID # Add ID
names(Votes)[1] <- "Votes" #Rename Votes list
AllVotes <- rbind(AllVotes,Votes)
rm(Votes,ID,Lat,Lon,row)
print(x)
}
AllVotes_test <- AllVotes
AllVotes_test$Lat <- as.numeric(AllVotes_test$Lat)
AllVotes_test$Lon <- as.numeric(AllVotes_test$Lon)
write.csv(AllVotes_test, file = "scenic_final_out.csv", row.names = FALSE)

The resulting CSV can be downloaded here. This relates to an extract from January 22nd 2012.

These data were then converted into OSGB and imported into a PostGIS database. A point in polygon operation was used to create average scores for a 5km grid over England. The shapefile with average votes can be downloaded here.

Created using QGIS, the following maps show the output of these analyses…




When we overlay the HS2 route onto these data we can see that this passes through areas with varying degrees of “scenic”ness.




Although these data are interesting in themselves, there is obvious utility if this sort of information was combined with other indicators such as population density and characteristics. The assumption being that all other things being equal, then people may object to disruption in those areas which they consider more “scenic”… perhaps something for further work!

Neogeography & Participatory GIS

I just had notification of an article I recently wrote for a special issue of GIS Development on Neogeography. This is available online: here .

In brief, my article provides an overview of Neogeography and then details where I think the next developments will occur.

Grid-enabling Geographically Weighted Regression: A Case Study of Participation in Higher Education in England

Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is a method of spatial statistical analysis used to explore geographical differences in the effect of one or more predictor variables upon a response variable. However, as a form of local analysis, it does not scale well to (especially) large data sets because of the repeated processes of fitting and then comparing multiple regression surfaces. A solution is to make use of developing grid infrastructures, such as that provided by the National Grid Service (NGS) in the UK, treating GWR as an “embarrassing parallel” problem and building on existing software platforms to provide a bridge between an open source implementation of GWR (in R) and the grid system. To demonstrate the approach, we apply it to a case study of participation in Higher Education, using GWR to detect spatial variation in social, cultural and demographic indicators of participation.

Grid-enabling Geographically Weighted Regression: A Case Study of Participation in Higher Education in England

Richard Harris, Alex Singleton, Daniel Grose, Chris Brunsdon, Paul Longley

MSN Local a Crime?

Somehow this passed me by but http://local.uk.msn.com/ now includes some socio-economic data at a national level.

The crime information is worth a look and appears created from Experian data using the British Crime Survey rather than actual crime occurrences – then interpolated some how into a surface. Additionally, when you click the map, the data returned includes a series of the long descriptive profiles for the Mosaic Types or Groups within the “area” (however defined).

I really do worry about these types of commercial representation, specifically given the lack of detail over the methods used and the potential consequences of their erroneous interpretation. The information reported on this page about the crime data: http://money.uk.msn.com/MSN-Local/help.aspx#C appears to be all about perceptions of crime, which is very different from actual crime – as specified on the map. I am guessing that the crime map is created by taking the British Crime Survey, appending Mosaic, modeling weighted values for “perception” / fear of crime – then taking these values at postcode level and interpolating between them, probably with IDW into high / low scores.

The potential for creating spurious values is HUGE given so many uncertainties – at some point in this operation, a categorical value from a black box geodemographic is used to model a continuous point score, not to mention the fact that further values are then interpolated between these points in the conversion to a raster surface. To me, this really doesn’t sound like a set of plausible operations – why not just plot the crime domain of the IMD like we do on LondonProfiler?